Course Outline of Record

Item	Value
Top Code	049900 - Other Biological Sciences
Units	3 Total Units
Hours	54 Total Hours (Lecture Hours 54)
Total Outside of Class Hours	0
Course Credit Status	Credit: Degree Applicable (D)
Material Fee	No
Basic Skills	Not Basic Skills (N)
Repeatable	No
Grading Policy	Standard Letter (S)

Course Description

This course covers the classification of medications and basic principles of pharmacology from legislation and pharmacokinetics through receptor theory, pharmacodynamics and pharmacotherapeutics. Medications will be grouped by body systems and treatment options will be related to the pathophysiological state of the patient. Drug groups are discussed rather than individual medications, with emphasis on autonomic, central nervous system, and cardiovascular agents. Drugs affecting all body systems will be discussed. PREREQUISITE: BIOL G221 or BIOL G225. Transfer Credit: CSU.

Course Level Student Learning Outcome(s)

1. Course outcomes
2. Describe how core concepts in pharmacology relate to human physiology.
3. Identify appropriate drugs based on their mechanisms of action.
4. Identify the major drug groups and their therapeutic uses.
5. Predict potential side effects from the use of drugs in the major drug groups studied.
6. Explain how drugs interact with receptors to either enhance or block a physiologic response.

Course Objectives

• 1. Describe membrane properties with respect to drug passage noting the effects of solubility, size, and ionization and especially the role of pH in the ionization of acidic and alkaline medications.
• 2. Describe fundamentals of drug mechanisms of action noting receptor and non-receptor based examples and the interacting roles of full and partial agonists and competitive and noncompetitive antagonists.
• 3. Classify major drug groups based upon their mechanism of action, chemical structure, and major therapeutic uses.
• 4. Evaluate the benefits and risks of using each kind of drug studied. Relate these benefits and risks to various physiological and pathological states the patient might display
• 5. Relate the sites and mechanisms of action, patterns of absorption, distribution, transformation , and excretion of drugs to possible drug interactions and to individual patient differences.
• 6. Employ knowledge of drug legislation in determining the proper way to handle and administer drugs.
• 7. Develop skills and vocabulary to use pharmacological literature and drug references to identify and evaluate therapeutic uses, side or toxic effects, and special cautions or contraindications of drugs.
• 8. Outline from memory all major drug groups that could potentially affect each different body system.
• 9. Develop computer skills to accurately and efficiently use online medical texts and drug reference texts.

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Lecture Content

Course Introduction Online orientation to computer skills for health professionals  Legislation: drug approval and testing process  Experimental designs Fundamentals  efficacy vs. potency  half-life dosing  Administration of medications  Drug references  Routes of Administration  local administration  systemic administration Actions of drugs in the body  Receptor theory  full agonists  antagonists partial agonists Drug absorption factors  Drug distribution factors  Drug metabolism factors  Drug elimination factors  Pharmacodynamics  the physical state of the patient  genetic differences  mechanisms of drug interactions  Drugs of the peripheral nervous system  voluntary vs. autonomic systems  Synapse structure  Peripheral nervous system receptors  alpha, beta 1, beta 2, muscarinic, nicotinic  Clinical usefulness and adverse effects of peripheral nervous system drugs  Central and direct skeletal muscle relaxants  Cardiovascular drugs  Pathpophysiology of the cardiovascular system  basics of the conduction system  automaticity  functional refractory system  arrythmias  angina  blood pressure disorder  blood and coagulation disorders  Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of cardiac drugs  cardiac glycosides  anti-arrhythmics  cardiac stimulants  anti-anginal agents  anti-hypertensive agents  hemopoietic agents  hemostatics  anti-coagulants  thrombolytics  anti-lipemics  Central nervous system drugs (CNS)  Fundamentals of CNS stimulation and depression  Drug abuse  Physical vs. psychological drug dependence  CNS receptors  Drug groups studied:  stimulants  depressants  anti-epileptic agents  anti-parkinsonian agents  narcotic analgesics  non-narcotic analgesics  anti-depressants  anti-anxiety agents  anti-psychotics  drugs for bipolar disorders  anti-convulsants  Respiratory Drugs  Respiratory gases  Respiratory stimulants  Bronchodilators  Respiratory anti-inflammatory agents  Anti-tussives  Demulcents  Expectorants  Nasal decongestants  Histamine antagonists  Gastrointestinal Drugs  Histamine antagonists  Antacids and antisecretory agents  Proton pump inhibitors  Digestants  Emetics and anti-emetics  cathartics  anti-diarrheics  carminatives  contrast media  Drugs affecting the eye, skin, and mucous membranes  Miotics, mydriatics  Drugs to reduce fluid formation  Anti-infectives  Anti-inflammatory agents  Drugs affecting the skin and mucous membranes  Emollients  Antiseptics  Keratolytics  Topical corticosteroids  Systemic acne medications  Anti-infectives and antineoplastics  Colonization vs. infection  Broad vs. narrow spectrum choices  Bacteriostatic vs. bactericidal action  Bacterial resistance  Factors affecting drug selection  Drug groups studied:  penicillins  cephalosporins  carapenems  monobactams  vancomycin  bacitracin  aminoglycocides  quinolones  macrolides  tetracycline

Method(s) of Instruction

• Lecture (02)
• DE Live Online Lecture (02S)
• DE Online Lecture (02X)

Reading Assignments

A.Required Readings. Text Drug reference books: PhysiciansDesk Reference (PDR) and Drugs Facts and Comparisions

Writing Assignments

1.  Students should use drug reference standards found in library reserve section to complete assignments related to the drug groups studied in class.  Assignments should require detail beyond that presented in class.2.  Analyze  current professional journal articles using principles and vocabulary learned in class.3.  Write essays and short answers demonstrating proficiency in published course objectives.

Out-of-class Assignments

Library research and reading assignments.

Demonstration of Critical Thinking

1. Use knowledge of pharmacological, physiological and pathological principles to evaluate drug safety and effectiveness in various clinical situations. 2. Discuss fundamental principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics including receptor theory and membrane characteristics. 3. Discuss current drug approval methods contrasting benefits and risks of the current process. 4. Predict potential drug properties and interactions given fundamental facts such as protein binding properties or solubility and ionization characteristics of the drugs involved. 5. Given various alternatives, select and defend your choice of therapy for a given patient including benefits and risks for the individual.

Required Writing, Problem Solving, Skills Demonstration

1. Students should use drug reference standards found in library reserve section to complete assignments related to the drug groups studied in class. Assignments should require detail beyond that presented in class. 2. Analyze current professional journal articles using principles and vocabulary learned in class. 3. Write essays and short answers demonstrating proficiency in published course objectives.

Eligible Disciplines

Biological sciences: Masters degree in any biological science OR bachelors degree in any biological science AND masters degree in biochemistry, biophysics, or marine science OR the equivalent. Masters degree required.

Textbooks Resources

1. Required B. Roohk. Pharmacology: An Introduction to Basic Drug Groups, 14th ed. Bonnie Roohk Press, 2012 Rationale: . 2. Optional Lehne. Pharmacology for Nursing Care or equivalent work., 7th ed. Saunders/Elsevier, 2012

Other Resources

1. Purchase or have regular access to: 2. Physicians Desk Reference 3. Drug Facts and Comparison