ARCH A296: History of Architecture 2
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Curriculum Committee Approval Date | 12/08/2021 |
| Top Code | 020100 - Architecture and Architectural Technology |
| Units | 3 Total Units |
| Hours | 54 Total Hours (Lecture Hours 54) |
| Total Outside of Class Hours | 0 |
| Course Credit Status | Credit: Degree Applicable (D) |
| Material Fee | No |
| Basic Skills | Not Basic Skills (N) |
| Repeatable | No |
| Grading Policy | Standard Letter (S) |
| Associate Arts Local General Education (GE) |
|
| Associate Science Local General Education (GE) |
|
| California General Education Transfer Curriculum (Cal-GETC) |
|
| Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum (IGETC) |
|
| California State University General Education Breadth (CSU GE-Breadth) |
|
Course Description
Introductory study of the history of world architecture and urbanism from the late 17th century to the present. Lectures and presentations focus on the architecture of various regions and historical periods, highlighting architects, buildings and environments of significance. Special emphasis is placed on the architecture of the 20th century and socio-political, economical, technological, cultural and global influences in the evolution of architecture. Enrollment Limitation: ARCH A296H; students who complete ARCH A296 may not enroll in or receive credit for ARCH A296H. Transfer Credit: CSU; UC: Credit Limitation: ARCH A290 and ARCH A296 combined: or ARCH A290 and ARCH A296H combined; or ARCH A290H and ARCH A296; or ARCH A290H and ARCH A296H combined: maximum credit, one course.
Course Level Student Learning Outcome(s)
- Identify, Analyze, Compare and Evaluate works of architecture
- Discuss works of architecture in the context of their contemporary technologies and culture.
- Develop a specialized vocabulary for the discussion of architectural concepts and principles.
Course Objectives
- 1. Analyze, classify and contrast and compare works of architecture.
- 2. Explain technological, philosophical, and ornamental features of distinct architectural styles.
- 3. Evaluate political, social, economic, and technological advances which produce a particular style.
- 4. Apply principles of historical architecture and recognize their applications in contemporary architecture.
- 5. Employ critical analysis of architecture to assess the style.
- 6. Record and list the sequential architectural styles and compare their development with human development.
- 7. Measure the impact of individual architectural styles on the development of new forms of architecture.
- 8. Develop and build an architectural vocabulary based on principles to interpret, recognize, and appraise a work of architecture.
Lecture Content
OrientationOutline the course content and describe the philosophy of how the architecture is explained and its evolution. Each “style” is explained within the periods cultural, economic, and political context. The style is analyzed according to building form, construction techniques and developments, philosophy of period design, type of ornamentation, architectural definitions pertinent to the period, and a “case study” building. A method of observing, critiquing and analyzing architecture is presented. The student is taught to look at a structures form, solid and cavities, rhythm, structural methods, decorative techniques, and its place in architectural evolution.Late BaroqueEvolution of Baroque architecture during the 17th and 18th centuries. Identification of styles with individual countries and nationalities. St. Pauls in London, Versailles.Neo-Classical and RevivalismThe resurgence of interest in Classical architecture, the romantic period. The Brighton Pavilion, the British Museum, British Parliament, Jefferson and Monticello, Pugin and Neo-Gothic, and eclectic architecture.Engineering and the Beaux ArtsDevelopment of steel as an accepted building material and the effect of the Industrial Revolution. The elevator and prefabrication of building parts. Structural engineers as the construction innovators. Eiffel and his bridges. Paxtons Crystal Palace and subsequent exposition halls. Philosophies of the Beaux Arts School and its dominance in architecture during the 19th century and its legacy.Arts and Crafts Movement and American Development in the Late 19th CenturyBritish development of the “Picturesque Gothic and evolution tow ard the Arts and Crafts Movement. Morris and Ruskin and the Arts and Crafts reaction to the Industrial Age. American Arts and Crafts and “Stick and Shingle” style of Greene and Greene. Louis Sullivan and the Chicago Schools development of the hi-rise. Art Nouveau and the Futurists New architectural forms using “new technology” to develop Art Nouveau. Gaudi, Horta, Violet le Duc, and MacKintosh. Sant Elia and the Futurists Manifesto. A philosophy of celebrating technology and replacing the old system with the “wonders of science and technology.”German Industrial DesignThe Deutscher Werkbund and the marriage of industrialization and Arts and Crafts. Functionalism and expressionism and “factory aesthetics.” The significant architects of the German movement: Gropius, Behrens, van der Rohe, Mendelssohn, and Poelzig. The development of the Bauhaus in the 1920s and credo of “less is more.” Early Frank L. Wright Wrights development of the Prairie Style as an American style. The philosophy of “organic architecture.” The Prairie Houses (Robie House) and Wrights early public buildings (Larkin Bldg. Unity Temple). His career up to the 1930s. LeCorbusier, De Stijl Cubism, purism, and the De Stijl philosophy in Holland. LeCorbusiers quest for a new architecture and the development of his machine age style during the 1920s. Villa Savoy and his early houses. The Constructivists, Fascists and the 1930s Russian architecture following the Revolution of 1917. The architecture of fascist Italy and Germany. The development of the hi-rise in the U.S. in the 1930s. Government architect ure during the Great Depression. Art Deco. Late LeCorbusier and Wright Transformation of LeCorbusiers style in the post WWII era. His organic, biological buildings. Notre Dame Du-Haut, the U.N., and Unite de Habitation. Wrights buildings from 1930-1950. Falling Water, Johnson Wax, and the Guggenheim. The 1950s and the International Style The Bauhaus philosophy migrates to the U.S. Bauhaus theory applied to 1950 U.S. office buildings. Lake Shore apartments, Seagrams building, and the Lever House. The development of corporate architecture. Kahn and Aalto “Served and serving” spaces and forms of Louis Kahn. Psychology of space, form, and texture of Alvar Aalto. Reaction to International Style and Urban Planning in the Industrial Age to the Present Postmodernism, Robert Venturi and “pop culture.” Aldo Rossi and Italian Rationalism, The weaknesses of “Machine Age” architectural theory. Haussman and Paris. Howards Garden City, Garniers Cite de Industrielle, LeCorbusier Radiant City, Wrights Broad Acre City, Soleris Archology and Levittown.Contemporary Movements Deconstructivism, “Green Architecture.” The Dutch School, Global practice: contemporary projects in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, South America and Africa
Method(s) of Instruction
- Lecture (02)
- DE Live Online Lecture (02S)
- DE Online Lecture (02X)
Instructional Techniques
Lecture/discussion; instructor feedback
Reading Assignments
.Weekly textbook reading followed by a quiz to gauge understanding A series of supplementary readings and oral presentations, followed by class discussion.
Writing Assignments
Exams are given with supplemental essays in which students are asked to evaluate and compare architectural works. One semester-long research paper requiring bibliography and citations.
Out-of-class Assignments
One semester-long research paper requiring bibliography and citations. This is supported with a research tutorial and instructions on using OCC Library electronic resources. A series of film reviews on selected OCC Film resources that supplement class and textbook topics.
Demonstration of Critical Thinking
Quizzes, midterms, final, and written paper
Required Writing, Problem Solving, Skills Demonstration
Exams are given with supplemental essays in which students are asked to evaluate and compare architectural styles.
Textbooks Resources
1. Required Ching, Francis D. K., Jarzombek, Mark, M., Prakash, V.. A Global History of Architecture, 3rd ed. Hoboken, N. J.: John Wiley Sons, 2017